How to Identify a Ford 391
Identifying a Ford 391 engine can be done by looking for specific features and characteristics that are unique to this engine model.
To identify a Ford 391 engine, there are a few key features to look for. The Ford 391 is part of the FT truck engine series and is a heavy-duty engine option for certain trucks. One way to identify it is by counting the number of bolts on one of the valve covers – there should be five bolts, which distinguishes it from other Ford engine families. Additionally, you can locate the engine block casting number on the passenger side of the engine block and decode it. The casting number will give you information about the part number, year of manufacture, and original vehicle application. Another characteristic of the Ford 391 is that it has a larger distributor pilot hole to accommodate the heavy-duty, high-capacity oil pump. The FT series features different rods, lifters, rocker arm assemblies, push rods, and valve covers compared to the FE series. It’s important to note that the Ford 391 should not be confused with the FE series, as they have some distinct differences in their design and parts.
Key Takeaways:
- The Ford 391 is part of the FT truck engine series and is a heavy-duty option for certain trucks.
- A distinguishing feature of the Ford 391 is the five bolts on one of the valve covers.
- The engine block casting number provides information about the part number, year of manufacture, and original vehicle application.
- The Ford 391 has a larger distributor pilot hole to accommodate the heavy-duty oil pump.
- The Ford 391 and the FE series have distinct differences in their design and parts.
Key Features of the Ford 391
The Ford 391 engine possesses distinct features that set it apart from other Ford engine families. These features can help you easily identify a Ford 391 engine when encountered.
One notable characteristic of the Ford 391 is the number of valve cover bolts. Unlike other engine families, the Ford 391 has five bolts on each valve cover. Counting the bolts is a simple yet effective method to distinguish the Ford 391 from other engine types.
In addition to the valve cover bolts, the Ford 391 has a unique engine block casting number. Located on the passenger side of the engine block, the casting number provides valuable information about the engine’s part number, year of manufacture, and original vehicle application. Decoding this number can greatly aid in the identification process.
Another distinguishing feature of the Ford 391 is its larger distributor pilot hole. This feature is designed to accommodate the heavy-duty, high-capacity oil pump that is specific to the Ford 391 engine. The combination of the larger pilot hole and robust oil pump contributes to the engine’s performance and reliability.
| Characteristics | Distinctive features of the Ford 391 engine |
|---|---|
| Valve Cover Bolts | Five bolts on each valve cover |
| Engine Block Casting Number | Located on passenger side of the engine block, provides information about part number, year of manufacture, and original vehicle application |
| Distributor Pilot Hole and Oil Pump | Larger distributor pilot hole to accommodate heavy-duty, high-capacity oil pump |
It is crucial to note that the Ford 391 engine should not be confused with the FE series. While they may appear similar, the Ford 391 and the FE series have distinct differences in their design and parts. The FT series, to which the Ford 391 belongs, features different rods, lifters, rocker arm assemblies, push rods, and valve covers compared to the FE series.
By familiarizing yourself with these key features and characteristics, you will be able to identify a Ford 391 engine with ease and accuracy.
Valve Cover Bolts
One reliable method to identify a Ford 391 engine is to count the number of bolts on the valve covers – there should be five, which is unique to this engine model. This distinguishing feature sets it apart from other Ford engine families. By inspecting the valve covers and confirming the presence of five bolts, you can confidently identify a Ford 391.
The valve covers, situated on top of the engine, protect the valvetrain components. The Ford 391’s valve covers are held in place by five bolts, evenly spaced around the cover. This configuration provides a secure seal and ensures proper functioning of the valvetrain mechanism.
To count the valve cover bolts, locate the valve covers on the top of the engine. Gently remove any obstructions, such as wires or hoses, that may hinder your view. Then, carefully inspect each valve cover and count the number of bolts present. If you find five bolts on each valve cover, you have successfully identified a Ford 391 engine.
| Valve Cover Bolts: | 5 |
|---|
The number of valve cover bolts is just one of the distinguishing features of the Ford 391 engine. In the following sections, we will explore additional characteristics and methods to identify this specific engine model. By understanding these key features, you will become familiar with the unique elements that set the Ford 391 apart from other engine types and allow for accurate identification.
Engine Block Casting Number
To further identify a Ford 391 engine, you can find and decipher the engine block casting number, which contains essential details about the engine itself. The engine block casting number is typically located on the passenger side of the engine block.
This alphanumeric code provides key information such as the engine’s part number, year of manufacture, and original vehicle application. By decoding the casting number, you can gather important insights into the specific characteristics and specifications of the Ford 391 engine.
To decode the engine block casting number, you can refer to online resources, Ford engine identification guides, or consult with experts in the field. These resources will help you understand the meanings of the different letters, numbers, and symbols in the casting number, allowing you to accurately identify your Ford 391 engine.
By becoming familiar with the engine block casting number and understanding how to decipher it, you can confidently distinguish the Ford 391 engine from other engine models and make informed decisions regarding maintenance, repairs, or compatibility with various applications.
| Sample Engine Block Casting Number | Decoded Information |
|---|---|
| C8AE-6015-B | Part Number: C8AE-6015-B |
| Year of Manufacture: 1968 | |
| Original Vehicle Application: Ford Mustang |
Distributor Pilot Hole and Oil Pump
The Ford 391 engine boasts a larger distributor pilot hole and a heavy-duty oil pump, both of which are unique to this engine model. These distinguishing characteristics contribute to the engine’s superior performance and durability.
The larger distributor pilot hole in the Ford 391 engine is designed to accommodate a larger distributor, which is necessary to handle the increased power and torque of this heavy-duty engine. This feature ensures optimal ignition timing and fuel delivery, resulting in improved engine performance and efficiency.
Furthermore, the Ford 391 engine is equipped with a heavy-duty oil pump. This high-capacity pump is specifically designed to provide ample lubrication to the engine’s components, even under demanding conditions. The efficient oil circulation helps to prevent excessive wear and reduce friction, extending the engine’s lifespan and ensuring reliable operation.
By understanding these distinguishing characteristics of the Ford 391 engine, you can easily identify and differentiate it from other engine models. Whether you are a truck enthusiast, a mechanic, or a Ford aficionado, recognizing these features will allow you to appreciate the unique qualities of the Ford 391 and its contribution to powerful and dependable performance.
| Distinguishing Characteristics |
|---|
| Larger distributor pilot hole |
| Heavy-duty oil pump |
Differences from the FE Series
It’s important to differentiate the Ford 391 engine from the FE series as they have distinct design elements and parts. The Ford 391 is part of the FT truck engine series, specifically designed for heavy-duty applications in certain trucks. Compared to the FE series, the Ford 391 features several notable differences that set it apart.
Rods, Lifters, and Rocker Arm Assemblies
In terms of internal components, the Ford 391 engine utilizes unique rods, lifters, and rocker arm assemblies. These components are specifically designed to handle the increased power and durability requirements of heavy-duty truck applications. The Ford 391’s robust construction ensures optimal performance and longevity.
Push Rods and Valve Covers
The Ford 391 engine also features different push rods and valve covers compared to the FE series. The push rods in the Ford 391 are designed to withstand the increased stress and load associated with heavy-duty use. Additionally, the valve covers on the Ford 391 have a distinct design that can be easily recognized, further aiding in identification.
| FE Series | Ford 391 |
|---|---|
| Standard-duty engine | Heavy-duty engine |
| Standard rods, lifters, rocker arm assemblies | Unique rods, lifters, rocker arm assemblies |
| Standard push rods and valve covers | Different push rods and valve covers |
In summary, distinguishing the Ford 391 engine from the FE series involves examining key design elements and parts. The Ford 391 belongs to the FT truck engine series and is specifically designed for heavy-duty truck applications. Notable differences include unique rods, lifters, and rocker arm assemblies, as well as different push rods and valve covers. By understanding these distinctions, you can accurately identify a Ford 391 engine and avoid any confusion with the FE series.
Engine Parts and Components
The Ford 391 engine features different rods, lifters, rocker arm assemblies, push rods, and valve covers compared to other engine models. These unique components contribute to the engine’s overall performance and help in its identification. Let’s take a closer look at each of these parts to understand their significance.
Rods
The connecting rods in the Ford 391 engine are designed to withstand the heavy-duty demands of trucks. They are stronger and more robust compared to rods found in other engine families. These rods play a crucial role in transmitting force from the piston to the crankshaft, ensuring smooth operation and power delivery.
Lifters
The lifters in the Ford 391 engine are specifically engineered to handle the high loads and pressures of heavy-duty applications. These hydraulic lifters provide precise valve control, ensuring optimal performance and durability of the engine. They work in conjunction with the camshaft to open and close the engine’s valves at the right time, allowing the proper flow of air and fuel.
Rocker Arm Assemblies
The rocker arm assemblies in the Ford 391 engine are designed to provide efficient valve operation. These components play a vital role in the engine’s valve train, transferring the motion from the camshaft to the valves. The Ford 391’s rocker arms are built to withstand the demanding conditions of heavy-duty use, delivering reliable performance and longevity.
Push Rods
The push rods in the Ford 391 engine are responsible for delivering the motion from the camshaft to the rocker arms. Due to the engine’s heavy-duty nature, these push rods are stronger and more durable compared to those found in other engine models. Their reliable operation ensures proper valve timing and overall engine performance.
Valve Covers
The valve covers on the Ford 391 engine are distinctive and can be used to identify the engine. As mentioned earlier, the Ford 391 has five bolts on each valve cover, setting it apart from other Ford engine families. These valve covers help protect the engine’s valvetrain components and provide easy access for maintenance and inspection.
| Component | Description |
|---|---|
| Rods | Strong, heavy-duty connecting rods |
| Lifters | Hydraulic lifters for precise valve control |
| Rocker Arm Assemblies | Durable assemblies for efficient valve operation |
| Push Rods | Strong rods for transferring motion to rocker arms |
| Valve Covers | Distinctive covers with five bolts on each |
Conclusion
By familiarizing yourself with the key features and characteristics of the Ford 391 engine, you can confidently identify this iconic engine in your own garage. The Ford 391 is part of the FT truck engine series, designed specifically for heavy-duty applications. To distinguish it from other Ford engine families, one of the notable features is the number of valve cover bolts – there should be five bolts on each cover. Additionally, locating and decoding the engine block casting number on the passenger side of the engine block provides valuable information about its part number, year of manufacture, and original vehicle application.
Another distinguishing characteristic of the Ford 391 engine is its larger distributor pilot hole, which accommodates the heavy-duty, high-capacity oil pump. This feature contributes to the engine’s superior performance and durability. Moreover, it’s important to note that the Ford 391 engine differs from the FE series in terms of its design and specific parts. The FT series features unique rods, lifters, rocker arm assemblies, push rods, and valve covers compared to the FE series. To avoid confusion, it’s essential to recognize and understand these differences.
With this identification guide, you now possess the knowledge needed to confidently recognize and differentiate the Ford 391 engine. Whether you’re a Ford enthusiast or a mechanic working on trucks, being able to identify this engine accurately is crucial. So, keep an eye out for the key features discussed, count those valve cover bolts, and make sure to locate and decode the engine block casting number. By doing so, you can ensure that you have correctly identified the Ford 391 and can proceed with any necessary repairs or restoration with confidence.
